Guide
References on a resume: include them or not?
Updated:
In short
Skip "References available on request" on the resume, since the space serves achievements better. Prepare a separate list of 2 or 3 people, with their permission, and send it only when asked, usually after the interview. Include references on the resume only when the posting asks for them explicitly.
Why drop "References on request"?
The recruiter knows you can provide them on request, so the line adds no information and takes space. Use the space for one more achievement.
Who are the best references?
Former managers, colleagues you worked with directly or clients. Pick people who can speak concretely about your work and who respond quickly.
- A direct manager from your last job.
- A colleague or client who saw your results.
- For beginners: a teacher, an internship coordinator or a volunteer supervisor.
How do I ask permission?
Always ask before giving someone's name. Tell them which role it is for and what you would like them to highlight, and send them your updated resume. A person's contact details are personal data, so you share them only with their consent.
What does a reference list look like?
A separate document with your name in the header and, for each person: name, title, company, relationship to you, email and phone.
Frequently asked questions
Can I put written recommendations on the resume?
A short one-sentence quote with the author's name and title is fine. Longer texts are attached separately or linked from LinkedIn.
What if I cannot give references from my last job?
Choose other colleagues or managers from earlier jobs, or clients. Explain the situation honestly if asked.
When are references usually requested?
Usually after the interview, in the last stage. Have the list ready by then.
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